Effect of chronic ingestion of wine on the glycemic, lipid and body weight homeostasis in mice / Efeito da ingestão crônica de vinho sobre a homeostase glicêmica, lipídica e ponderal em camundongos

ABSTRACT Background: The health benefits associated with moderate wine consumption, as with ethanol and phenolic compounds, include different mechanisms still little understandable. Aim: Evaluate glycemic and weight variations, and the deposit of triglycerides, cholesterol and liver glycogen with red wine consumption. Methods: 60 ApoE knockout mice were divided into three groups of 20: Wine Group (WG), Ethanol Group (EG) and Water Group (WAG). They received daily: WG 50 ml of wine and 50 ml water; EG 6 ml ethanol and WAG 94 ml of water. All groups were followed for four months. The food intake was monitored daily, in the period from eight to ten hours and held every five days. The measurement of water intake was also made every five days. The weighing of the animals took place every ten days. Results: The WG had higher weight increase as compared to the other groups. The concentration of hepatic triglyceride was higher in WG (57%) and the EG group was lower (31.6%, p<0.01) than the control. The concentration of cholesterol was lower in the WG (23.6%), as well as EG (24.5%, p<0.05). The concentration of glycogen was higher in WG (16%) and fasting blood glucose was higher in EG compared to the other groups but not both demonstrated a statistically significant difference. Conclusion: The WG increased triglyceride and WAG decreased cholesterol. The triglyceride may be increased due to the high caloric value of wine or some unknown property that led to significant increase in subcutaneous andretroperitoneal fat in mice.

RESUMO Racional: Os benefícios para a saúde associados ao consumo moderado de vinho, como etanol e compostos fenólicos, incluem mecanismos diferentes ainda pouco compreensíveis. Objetivo: Avaliar as variações da glicemia, peso e depósito de triglicrideos, colesterol e glicogênio hepático com o uso de vinho tinto. Métodos: Sessenta camundongos ApoE knockout foram divididos em três grupos de 20: Grupo do Vinho (WG), grupo do Etanol (EG) Grupo Água (WAG). Cada grupo recebeu diariamente: WG 50 ml de vinho e 50 ml de água; EG 6 ml de etanol e WAG 94 ml de água. Resultados: O WG teve aumento de peso mais elevado em comparação com os outros grupos. A concentração de triglicerídeos foi maior no WG (57%) e no grupo EG inferior (31,6%) do que no controle (p <0,01). A concentração de colesterol foi inferior no WG (23,6%) e no EG (24,5%, p<0,05). A concentração de glicogênio foi maior no WG (16%); a glicemia capilar foi maior no EG em comparação com os outros grupos, mas não demonstrou diferença estatisticamente significativa. Conclusão: Triglicerídeos ficaram aumentados no WG e o colesterol diminuiu no WAG. Os triglicerídeos podem ter aumentado devido ao alto valor calórico do vinho ou alguma propriedade desconhecida que levou ao aumento significativo da gordura subcutânea e retroperitoneal nos camundongos.

Children and adolescents ostomized in a reference hospital: Epidemiological profile / Perfil epidemiológico de crianças e adolescentes estomizados em hospital de referência

Objectives: To assess the epidemiological profile of children and adolescents with intestinal stoma, assisted at the Presidente Dutra University Hospital (HUPD), São Luís (MA). Methods: Observational, descriptive, retrospective, and individuated study. Data were collected from 110 children and adolescents with elimination intestinal stoma, from January 2006 to February 2013. The following variables were analyzed: age, gender, patient origin, and stomata indication, type, and temporal character. After data collection, descriptive analysis was made by Bioestat 5.0 program. Results: Of 110 patients, 78.2% were male and 21.8% female. The average age was 9.4 years old. 55.5% came from the Maranhão state countryside, and 44.5% from the capital, São Luís. Regarding stoma type, colostomies made up 88.2%, and were 11.8% ileostomies, all temporary stoma. The main cause was trauma (42.7%), with firearm abdominal puncture being the most frequent cause (71.5% of the category); followed by congenital anomalies (38.2%), and obstructive (5.4%) and inflammatory (4.5%) causes. Conclusion: Studied children and adolescents were mostly male, from Maranhão state countryside. The main cause was trauma, and colostomy was the most common stoma type.

Objetivos: Avaliar o perfil epidemiológico de crianças e adolescentes portadores de estomas intestinais atendidos no Hospital Universitário Presidente Dutra (HUPD) em São Luís (MA). Métodos: Estudo observacional, descritivo, retrospectivo e individuado em que foram coletados dados de 110 crianças e adolescentes com estomas intestinais de eliminação de janeiro de 2006 a fevereiro de 2013. Analisaram-se as variáveis: idade, sexo, procedência dos pacientes, indicação, tipo e caráter temporal dos estomas. Após coleta dos dados, foi feita análise descritiva pelo programa Bioestat 5.0. Resultados: Dos 110 pacientes, 78,2% eram do sexo masculino e 21,8% do sexo feminino. A idade média foi de 9,4 anos. 55,5% era procedente do interior do Estado do Maranhão e 44,5% da capital, São Luís. Com relação ao tipo: 88,2% eram colostomias e 11,8% ileostomias, todos os estomas temporários. A causa principal foi o trauma (42,7%), sendo a perfuração abdominal por arma de fogo a mais frequente (71,5% da categoria); seguido pelas anomalias congênitas (38,2%), causas obstrutivas (5,4%) e inflamatórias (4,5%). Conclusão: As crianças e adolescentes estudados eram, em sua maioria, do sexo masculino, proveniente do interior do Estado do Maranhão, tendo como principal causa a traumática e a colostomia como o tipo de estoma mais comum.

Use of raw Euphorbia tirucalli extract for inhibition of ascitic Ehrlich tumor / Avaliação do uso do extrato bruto de Euphorbia tirucalli na inibição do tumor ascítico de ehrlich

Objective: to evaluate the effect of the Euphorbia tirucalli hydroalcoholic extract (ETHE) on the development of Ehrlich Tumor, in its ascitic form. Methods: we intraperitoneally inoculated 15 Swiss mice with 10.44 x 107 cells of Ehrlich Tumor and divided them in two groups one day after: ETHE Group (eight mice), treated with a dosage of 125 mg/kg/day of EHTE for five days; and Control Group (seven mice), treated only with 0.9% isotonic saline solution over the same period. The treatment was done by gavage. Ten days after inoculation, four mice from each group were sacrificed for quantification of tumor cell number, ascitic fluid volume and bone marrow cell number. The remaining animals were maintained to evaluate survival. Results: The ascitic fluid volume and the tumor cell number were decreased in the ETHE group when compared with the control group, but with no statistical significance. On the other hand, survival was higher in the ETHE group, as well as the number of bone marrow cells. Conclusion: Treatment with ETHE after inoculation of Ehrlich Tumor decreases its development and increases survival and the bone marrow cellularity, thus reducing the myelosuppression present in the Ehrlich Tumor bearing mice.

Objetivo: avaliar o efeito do extrato hidroalcoólico de Euphorbia tirucalli (ETHE) sobre o desenvolvimento do tumor de Ehrlich em sua forma ascítica. Métodos: quinze camundongos Swiss foram inoculados via intraperitoneal com 10,44x107 células do tumor de Ehrlich e um dia depois foram divididos em dois grupos: Grupo ETHE (oito camundongos), tratados com a dose de 125mg/kg/dia de ETHE por cinco dias e Grupo Controle (sete camundongos), tratado apenas com 0,9% de solução salina isotônica em relação ao mesmo período. O tratamento foi realizado por gavagem. Dez dias após a inoculação, quatro animais de cada grupo foram sacrificados para a quantificação do número de células de tumor, do volume de fluido ascítico e do número de células da medula óssea. Os demais animais foram mantidos, para avaliar a sobrevivência. Resultados : o volume de líquido ascítico e do número de células tumorais foram menores no grupo ETHE quando comparado ao grupo controle, porém sem significância estatística. Por outro lado, a sobrevivência dos animais foi maior no grupo de ETHE, bem como, a quantidade de células de medula óssea. Conclusão: o tratamento com ETHE, após a inoculação do tumor, diminuiu o seu desenvolvimento e aumentou sobrevida, bem como, a celularidade da medula óssea, reduzindo assim, a mielossupressão presente nos animais portadores de tumor de Ehrlich.

Analysis of the healing process of the wounds occurring in rats using lasertherapy in association with hydrocolloid

PURPOSE: To evaluate wound healing in rats by using low-level laser therapy (LLLT) associated with hydrocolloid occlusive dressing. METHODS: Forty male, adult, Wistar rats were used, distributed into four groups: LG (received 2 J/cm² of laser therapy); HG (treated with hydrocolloid); LHG (treated with 2 J/cm² of laser therapy and hydrocolloid); and the CG (treated with 1 mL of 0.9% saline). The wound was evaluated at pre-determined periods 3rd and 7th days, considering the macroscopic and histological parameters (inflammatory cells, capillary neoformation, fibroblasts, collagen formation and reepithelialization).RESULTS: The LG group at seven days showed increased collagen formation, the LHG group at 3 days showed mild collagen formation. The HG group and the CG at 7 days showed complete reepithelialization.CONCLUSION: Low-level laser therapy as well as the hydrocolloid dressing have favored the wound-healing process in rats.

Effects of oxygen in lungs of rats

PURPOSE: To analyze microscopically the effects of different concentrations of oxygen in the lungs of rats. METHODS: There were 20 rats distributed in three experimental groups (concentration of oxygen to 40%, 70% and 100%) and a control group. The animals were exposed to the oxygen in a chamber of acrylic during three days and after exposition, the animals were submitted to median thoracotomia to remove the lungs. The lung tissue of all of the animals was analyzed as regards presence of acute and chronic inflammation, capillary congestion, alveolar walls thick, interstitial and alveolar edema, alveolar hemorrhage, denudation capillary and alveolar endothelium areas and atelectasis. RESULTS: The analysis histopathologic revealed significant statistics difference for acute and chronic inflammation, capillary congestion, alveolar walls thick, interstitial and alveolar edema, alveolar hemorrhage, denudation capillary and alveolar epithelium areas. CONCLUSIONS: Exposition to the oxygen during 72 hours in the concentration of 40% does not produce significant histopathologic alterations in the lung tissue; in the concentration of 70%, can promotes the alveolar walls thick and capillary congestion and in the concentration of 100% can cause death and originate diffuse pulmonary lesion. .

Cicatrização gástrica com uso do extrato da Euphorbia Tirucalli L.: estudo em ratos / Gastric healing process with raw extract of Euphorbia tirucalli L.: study in rats

RACIONAL: A utilização de plantas na prevenção e no tratamento de doenças é prática milenar. O aveloz (Euphorbia tirucalli) é uma planta originária da África e tem sido relacionada com efeitos antimicrobiano, antiulceroso, anticarcinogênico, antivirais, cicatrizante, antihelmíntico e antisifilítico. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o uso do extrato bruto de Euphorbia tirucalli no processo de cicatrização de estômago de camundongo. MÉTODOS: Dezesseis camundongos da espécie Swiss, adultos, fêmeas foram submetidos à incisão longitudinal de 1 cm no corpo gástrico e síntese em plano único com pontos separados de polipropilene 6-0. Após o procedimento os animais foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos de oito. Eles foram redistribuídos em quatro subgrupos: Aveloz (GA7) e Controle (GC7) com morte programada para 7º dia de pós-operatório e Aveloz (GA14) e Controle (GC14) com morte programada para 14º dia de pós-operatório. No seguimento o grupo GA utilizou-se 1 mL de solução hidroalcoólica do extrato bruto de Euphorbia tirucalli L. na concentração de 30 mg/ml por via oral através de gavagem e no GC, soro fisiológico 0,9%, no mesmo volume e via. Após a morte, foi realizado o inventário da cavidade abdominal e procedeu-se a retirada do estômago, fixação no formol e enviado para a análise microscópica. Na análise comparativa entre os dois grupos foram avaliados parâmetros macroscópicos e microscópicos da cicatrização. RESULTADOS: Não foram detectados sinais de peritonite, fístulas ou hematomas nos animal. Houve aderências do estômago, principalmente, com o fígado e omento, nos animais dos 7º e 14º dias do período pós-operatório nos dois grupos. A análise dos parâmetros histológicos não demonstrou diferença estatisticamente significante em nenhum dos parâmetros avaliados. CONCLUSÃO: A avaliação do uso do extrato bruto de Euphorbia tirucalli L. em cicatrização de lesões em estômago de camundogos mostrou equivalência em comparação ao grupo controle.

BACKGROUND: The use of plants in the prevention and treatment of disease is age-old practice. The aveloz (Euphorbia tirucalli) is a plant native of Africa and has been associated with antimicrobial, antiulcers, anticarcinogenic, antiviral, healing, anti-helminthic, antisiphilitic effects. AIM: To analyze the effect of the crude extract of Euphorbia tirucalli L. in the stomach healing process of mice. METHODS: Sixteen Swiss mice, adult females were subjected to 1 cm longitudinal incision in the gastric body and sutured with 6-0 polypropylene stitches. After the procedure, the animals were randomly divided into two groups of eight animals. These were redistributed into four subgroups: Aveloz (GA7) and Control (CG7) with programmed death for 7th day postoperatively and Aveloz (GA14) and Control (GC14) with programmed death for 14 days postoperatively. The group GA used 1 ml of hydroalcoholic solution of the crude extract of Euphorbia tirucalli at 30 mg/ml orally by gavage route and the CG, 0.9% saline solution at the same volume and route. After death, the inventory of the abdominal cavity was conducted and the stomach removal was performed, fixing in formalin and sent for microscopic analysis. In the comparative analysis between the two groups were evaluated the macroscopic and microscopic parameters of healing. RESULTS: There were no signs of peritonitis, fistulas or hematomas in the animals. There were adhesions of the stomach, especially with the liver and omentum in the animals at 7 and 14 days postoperatively in both groups. The analysis of histological parameters showed no statistically significant difference between groups in any of the parameters evaluated. CONCLUSION: The evaluation of the use of the crude extract of Euphorbia tirucalli L. on stomach wound healing in mice showed equivalence in comparison to the control group.

Evaluation of the use of raw extract of Euphorbia tirucalli L. in the healing process of skin wounds in mice

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of crude extract of Euphorbia tirucalli in cutaneous wound healing. METHODS: A total of 20 Swiss mice were randomly divided into two groups, aveloz (GA) and control (CG), and each group was further divided into two subgroups based on the deaths scheduled for the 7th and 14th days after surgery. The animals underwent a resection of cutaneous fragment with 1cm in diameter on the dorsum; the GA was applied in each animal on the subsequent days, 0.1 mL (30 mg/mL) hydroalcoholic extract of Euphorbia tirucalli was applied on the wound, while the same volume of 0.9% saline solution was applied to the GC. It was evaluated the lesion diameter and after programmed death, a surgical specimen was resected for histopathology. RESULTS: In the macroscopic analysis, no statistically significant difference was observed (p = 0.120 and p = 0.186, for the 7th and 14th days of death, respectively). The histological evaluation revealed no statistically significant difference in the variables acute inflammation (p = 0.014) and fibrosis (p = 0.018), when compared the group aveloz with the control group on day 14. CONCLUSION: The crude hydroalcoholic extract of Euphorbia tirucalli L. demonstrated better outcomes in the healing process, acute inflammation and fibrosis on the 14 day postoperatively.

Use of 2-octyl cyanoacrylate adhesive in rat liver induced lesion / Uso adesivo de 2-octil cianoacrilato em lesão induzida de fígado de ratos

PURPOSE: To evaluate the healing process of rat traumatic liver lesion corrected with the use of 2-octyl cyanoacrylate adhesive, compared to the use of biologically absorbable chromed catgut thread suture. METHODS: Thirty mail adult rats were divided into two groups (15 per group) according to the used method for liver lesion correction as follows: adhesive group (AG), and catgut group (CG); each group being divided into three subsets of five animals (7th, 14th, and 21st day), respectively, according to post-surgery evaluation. All animals were submitted to homogeneous lesion applying synthetic bonding to AG and using chromed catgut suture to CG for lesion correction. Macroscopic and microscopic parameters of healing processes were evaluated. RESULTS: Both groups of animals showed excellent abdominal wall healing, with no evidence of infection, and no abdominal cavity peritonitis or abscess. The presence of adherence was observed in both groups with no statistically significant difference. As to macroscopic evaluation, there was statistically significant difference with respect to specific factors of clinical inflammation (ischemic inflammation and giant celular inflammatory reaction) between animals evaluated on the 10th day (ischemic necrosis and giant celular inflammatory reaction) among animals evaluated on the 14th day (A14 versus C14). CONCLUSION: Applying 2-octyl-cyanoacrylate adhesive for correcting rat liver lesion does not change healing process when compared to the use of chromed catgut stitch.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o processo de cicatrização de lesão induzida em fígado de rato utilizando adesivo de 2-octil cianoacrilato em comparação com a sutura com catgut cromado. MÉTODOS: Utilizou-se 30 ratos adultos, machos, distribuídos em dois grupos de 15 animais denominados de grupo adesivo (GA) e grupo catgut (GC); cada grupo foi dividido em três subgrupos, cada um com cinco animais, de acordo com a data marcada para avaliação pós-operatória (sétimo, décimo quarto e vigésimo primeiro dia). Todos os animais foram submetidos à lesão homogênea, aplicando o adesivo sintético no GA e utilizando sutura com catgut cromado no GC para correção das lesões. Foram avaliados parâmetros de macroscópicos e microscópicos do processo de cicatrização. RESULTADOS: Em ambos os grupos os animais evoluíram com boa cicatrização da parede abdominal, sem evidência clínica de infecção, sem abscessos ou peritonite na cavidade abdominal; a presença de aderências foi observada em ambos os grupos sem diferenças estatisticamente significantes; quanto à avaliação microscópica só houve diferença estatisticamente significante quanto aos parâmetros específicos de inflamação crônica (necrose isquêmica e reação gigantocelular) entre os animais avaliados no décimo quarto dia (A14 vs. C14). CONCLUSÃO: O emprego de adesivo de 2-octil cianoacrilato na correção de lesão em fígado de rato não altera o processo de cicatrização quando comparado ao uso de sutura com fio de categute cromado.